ECG holds vital importance in every aspect of Cardiology. Understanding the difference between a 4 lead ECG and a 12 lead ECG becomes essential then.
Originally, in the primitive models of an ECG, three leads were used instead of the 4 we so rampantly find around us today. These three electrodes, which is the thing that is placed on the body of the patient, are used by machines as negative and positive electrodes.
When the electrodes are systematically connected in a circuit, the movements of the heart are recorded. This recording is represented either on a sheet (primitively), or on a screen, and it can be used by surgeons and doctors alike to know how the heart’s doing.
To understand their differences, let’s first know what a 4 lead ECG is?
What is 4 lead ECG?
A common 4 lead ECG system even functions on the readings gained from a patient simulator. It has four electrodes are connected to the patient’s body. Out of the 4 electrodes, 3 electrodes give six views in totality. The fourth electrode, which is generally attached to the right leg, serves as the “ground.”
When these electrodes are attached to the machine, the machine basically works towards removing interference, which depends upon the software of the manufacturer. In terms of traditional leads, the right leg electrode is never used.
What is 12 lead ECG?
A slightly trickier and yet infinitely more accurate system, the 12 lead ECG uses six electrodes around the front and the left side of the chest. They are used to give six different camera angles to look at the heart.
To ensure a considerable amount of safety as there are far too many electrical appliances close to the heart, there are electrical safety analysers used. These protect the patient from any electrical spike which may occur due to irregular electrical voltages.
Placing the leads in a 12 lead ECG is crucial as incorrect lead placement will change the angles of view.
Major differences between 4 lead and 12 lead ECG
A 4 lead ECG is primarily used for gross patient monitoring. They are used for measuring heart rate and to monitor cardiac rhythm change.
The 12 lead ECG is more precise machinery. It is used to see those minute details which the other ECGs may miss. When it comes to serious heart operations, the smallest of variations in heart movements needs to be recorded.
Parting thoughts
Modern day solutions need modern day equipments. And as times keep changing, technology keeps getting outdated, until a new one replaces it. When it comes to medicine, technological advances are a must, and they keep happening ever so often.
The switch from 4 lead to 12 lead has done a world of good to cardiology. However, 4 lead ECG still holds its ground even amidst such technological progress. With the introduction of the oximeter tester into the whole equipment, what epic medical revolution are we on the cusp of, is something time will tell.
